The Effect of Oral Compensatory Strategies to Verbal Communication Skill

              Oral Compensatory Strategies are the movements/expressions that we usually do while speaking. These include facial expressions, eye movements, hands gestures and body movements.

According to some studies, Oral compensatory strategies enable speakers to continuously express their words without getting interrupted. 

           According to Chen (1990), language proficiency is potencially influencial factor in the choice of compensatory strategies. It is found that learners with different target language proficiency levels drew upon different sources of knowledge to solve their communication problems. 

           From Nakatani's Oral Communication Strategy Inventory (OCSI), Nakatani (2006) developed the OCIS for EFL universitystudents in Japan. Acording to her, the term OCS is used to highlight interlucutors negotiation behavior for coping for communication breakdowns. Based from the result of her study, effectively utilizing the CS could allow learners to remain in the conversation, which in turn provides more opportunities to expose to the target language and produce more utterances

           Therefore, as she proves Communication Strategies play an integral role in language acquisition. Other researchers argue that introducing communication strategies allow weaker learners to develop a feeling of being able to do something with their language and thus derive language learning motivation. A review of relevant literature showed that studies regarding the use of communication strategies by Taiwanese College students are quite few and they say little about their use in authentic communication with native speakers or abut factors other than proficiency that affect their selection. Her study investigates the use of OCS by technological university students in Taiwan. 

Related PDF files:
Factors influencing Compensatory Strategies
Filipino CompensatoryStrategies
Strategies to improve Oral Production
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Writing is the Most Challenging Macro Skill to Learn!

             In a learning process, macro skills are very significant contributing factors for a total language development of a learner to effectively communicate to his/her friends/colleagues.   

             Macro skill is a large set of skills to use for different context. In which common teachers call it " language . "The four macro skills are reading, listening, writing, and speaking. Each skill has its reasons of why we should be knowledgeable on how to communicate using the four macro skills. These skills are essential for communicating. It is tough to study a balance of the four macro skills which are writing, reading, writing, and listening. Being good at only one of these communicative skills will not help us smooth away the difficulties in communicating. With these four macro skills, it can make a big difference in your workplace in social situations and personal achievements. Learning and consistently seeking to improve these macro skills are important for effective communication and to be successful in many different perspectives" (Sarmiento, Chermiilyn. retrieved 7:09. 08/06/2016).

               

  However, the language123.blogspot.com (retrieved 06/08/16) defined writing as the most difficult skill that learners of any foreign language may face. And It is because of the following:

           Firstly, writing requires fluent grammar structure. An English as Second Language (ESL) learner has to be familiar with the set of rules in structure which may be too different from what he/she has in his/her mother tongue.

Secondly, learners, in accordance to researches, feel that writing is boring.

   Thirdly, when students are asked to write essays, they tend to take too much time to think if what they have written is correct or not. Most of them gets ashamed of themselves to ask others to check their work before passing to their teachers.

               In fact, in my experiences as a language teacher, I found writing as the most difficult subject because most of my learners show no interest in writing. They enjoy speaking, reading, listening and viewing. Therefore, writing is indeed a herculean task.

Writing is not fun 

Macro Skills

                

The Role of English as Second Language

     

         The globe is endlessly revolving, and as it moves, change is continuously penetrating the human mind and behavior. Language is everyone's tool to compete in the unstoppable race of developments and inventions of work for our business and academic community. The Almighty is indeed the highest for He was able to build the human anatomy with mind that can think and adjust to his environment. 

        English as a Second Language (ESL or TESL) is a traditional term for the use or study of the English language by non-native speakers in an English-speaking environment. That environment may be a country in which English is the mother tongue or one in which English has an established role. Also known as English for speakers of other languages (Nordquist, 2016).  

          The world is communicated by peoples of different beliefs and cultures. As of the moment we easily accumulate information, we understand cultures and we visit places in just a click. Unfortunately, in order for everyone to access everything through that click, they have to know, understand and learn English. This worldwide change has given English the power to communication and become more popular, thus, making it as the most spoken language in the world. It is also the reason why it becomes the second language of different countries rather than their national language as second to their mother tongue.

           As a result, there has never been a greater demand for classes to learn English as Second Language. English is the gateway to a world of knowledge, commerce, and culture, a lingua franca that gives a student access to the world in a way that other languages do not. Just as Latin was the most important language for a thousand years and French for five hundred, English is today the key to participating in the global conversation. There are a variety of ways to lean English as a Second Language, including computer programs, audio tapes, classes, and immersion. Picking the right method for you requires some insight and self-understanding (Bloomsbury International, 2013).

English as Second Language
Importance of English Language

Language is Uniquely Human

Language is Uniquely human?

               Language is our only tool to communicate. It enables every individual develop rapport to mean understanding. As the old quote says " Communication is everyone's panacea for everything, which may inculcate unity. 

Being supported by a post in www.quora.com (retrieved 7:11 pm 08/04/2016) from the lecture in 2011, Chomsky said that “the most elementary property of human language is that it consists of a discrete infinity of interpretable expressions -- so there's five-word sentences, and six-word sentences, no five-and-a-half words sentence, so it goes on indefinitely like the integers. That's kind of unusual, there's nothing like that known in the biological world. " This is supported by a linguistic professor at a major US university and made mentioned that "language is uniquely human. No other animal communication system comes even close to the complexity and flexibility of human language. For example, in human language we are able to create unique expressions every single day that no one else has ever said, and because human language is composed of multiple small units put together by rules, every other speaker of our native language can understand what we just said. No animal communication system is like that. Human language is constantly inventing new words to describe new things. No animal communication system is like that. Human language is multi-level in its complexity--sounds are put together to form morphemes, morphemes are put together to form words, words are put together to form sentences, and sentences are put together to form discourse. No animal communication system is like that. Human language is completely unique."

Therefore, it makes justification from a statement in phys.org (2013) that in accordance to the researchers from Durham University which expounds that “the uniquely expressive power of human language requires humans to create and use signals in a flexible way. They claim that his was only made possible by the evolution of particular psychological abilities, and thus explain why language is unique to humans.

Is Language uniquely human?

Noam Chomsky has said that human language is unique in the biological world. Is he correct?